VALVULOPATHIES
- Mitral stenosis (MS)
MR causes an obstacle to filling the left ventricle (LV), leading to an increase in pressure upstream, at the level of the left atrium (LA) and the pulmonary capillaries; which explains why the functional signs are essentially of a pulmonary nature.
1. Functional signs : Dyspnea on exertion, Cries of acute pulmonary edema (APO), Hemoptysis
2. Physical signs : are assessed at the level of the mitral focus (point of the heart)
– on palpation: diastolic catnip thrill
– on auscultation: Duroziez rhythm: burst of B1, diastolic rumble and mitral valve opening click (COM).
3. Radiology and ECG: assesses the impact of valvulopathy
- Mitral regurgitation (MI)
MI causes regurgitation of blood from the LV to the LA during systole
1. Functional signs : dyspnea on exertion (late)
2. Physical signs :
– palpation: systolic thrill,
– Auscultation: systolic regurgitation murmur, located at the apex, radiating to the left armpit and back.
3. Radiology and ECG: assesses the impact of valvulopathy
- Aortic stenosis (AS):
RAo causes an obstacle to the ejection of blood from the LV to the aorta during systole; hence a reduction in aortic blood flow, explaining the major functional signs of ischemia during exercise.
1. Functional signs:
– Angina pectoris during exertion (coronary ischemia)
– exertional syncope (cerebral ischemia)
2. Physical signs : They are appreciated at the aortic focus
– Palpation: systolic thrill
– Auscultation: Systolic ejection murmur, heard at the 2nd EICD (right intercostal space) radiating towards the head of the clavicles and the carotid arteries and towards the apex of the heart, associated with a decrease in the intensity of S2.
– Peripheral signs: small pulse, low amplitude and low arterial blood pressure (BP)
3. Radiology and ECG: assesses the impact of valvulopathy
- Aortic insufficiency (AIo)
IAo causes regurgitation of blood from the aorta to the LV in diastole, resulting in a decrease in diastolic BP and diastolic overload of the LV.
1. Functional signs : discreet: palpitation, sensation of arterial hyperpulsation.
2. Physical signs : they are appreciated at the aortic focus,
– palpation: Bard’s dome-shaped point shock, broad and globular.
– Auscultation: diastolic regurgitation murmur, located at the 2nd EICD and at the Erb focus, radiating along the left border of the sternum and towards the tip;
– peripheral signs:
. Widening of the differential, with especially a collapse of diastolic BP
. Arterial hyperpulsatility.
3. Radiology and ECG: assesses the impact of valvulopathy
VALVULOPATHIES
Wisdom teeth may need to be extracted if they are too small.
Sealants protect children’s molars from cavities.
Bad breath can be caused by dental or gum problems.
Bad breath can be caused by dental or gum problems.
Dental veneers improve the appearance of stained or damaged teeth.
Regular scaling prevents plaque build-up.
Sensitive teeth can be treated with special toothpastes.
Early consultation helps detect dental problems early.
Wisdom teeth may need to be extracted if they are too small.
Sealants protect children’s molars from cavities.
Bad breath can be caused by dental or gum problems.
Bad breath can be caused by dental or gum problems.
Dental veneers improve the appearance of stained or damaged teeth.
Regular scaling prevents plaque build-up.
Sensitive teeth can be treated with specific toothpastes.
Early consultation helps detect dental problems in time.