Faculty of Medicine
Module: occlusodontics
3rd Year Course
Pr Boutiah Tawfik
Terminology in ODF
Plan
Introduction – Definition
1. Terminology of bone and alveolar bases
2. Occlusal terminology
3. Dental terminology (dystopias)
Conclusion
Academic Year 2023-2024
Introduction – Definition
Orthodontic terminology allows us to describe, in a precise manner, the different orthodontic anomalies.
This is a description only and does not, in principle, suggest any idea of etiology, pathogenesis or treatment.
The aim of Dentofacial Orthopedics is to modify the shape or relative relationships of the maxillofacial structures, that is to say, modifications of the bony bases.
Orthodontics improves the position of the teeth, the shapes of the dental arches and their relationships, i.e. alveolo-dental modifications.
1. Terminology of anomalies of the bony bases and alveolar arches :
The description of bone and alveolar anomalies is done in the three spatial directions using three reference planes:
– antero-posterior direction (sagittal plane): from back to front or from front to back
– vertical direction (frontal plane): from top to bottom or from bottom to top
– transverse direction (horizontal plane): horizontal from right to left or from left to right
The terminology allows to describe precisely the different orthodontic anomalies by a radical of Greek origin. This radical is preceded by a prefix which specifies the situation in space and followed by a qualifier which indicates the level.
Prefix + root + qualifier
The radicals : central and invariable part
lip: cheilia
plays: melie
language: glossia
chin protrusion: genius
maxilla: gnathia
alveolar process: alveoli
Tooth: tooth
mandible: mandible
Rising branch of the mandible: Ramus or ramie
maxilla: maxillia
Head assembly: cephalus
Skull assembly: cranium
Face: Prosopia
Base of the skull: Basie
1.2 Prefixes :
1.2.1 Position prefixes :
In the anteroposterior direction :
Pro: Forward
Retro: Backwards
In the vertical direction :
Infra: insufficient height in relation to the occlusal plane
Supra: excess height
Exp: infragnathia
In the transverse direction :
Endo: within the normal situation
Exo: outside the normal situation
Latero, right or left, mass movements of the maxillary facial elements from one side to the other.
1-2-2 Volume anomaly prefixes :
Macro: bulky
Micro: small; overall reduction or diminution
Hyper: excess
Hypo: insufficiency
Dolicho: long
Brachy: short
Eury: large
Lepto: narrow
1.3 Qualifiers :
Lower; Upper
Maxillary, mandibular, bimaxillary
Total, partial
Symmetrical, asymmetrical, right, left Unilateral, bilateral
Exp: unilateral right superior endoalveolus
2. Terminology of inter-arch relationships (occlusion relationships) :
2.1 Static relations :
The arches are divided into three sectors: an anterior sector, and two lateral sectors. 2.1.1 Radical “clusion ”: allows to describe the occlusion relationships in the three directions of space.
2.1.2 Prefixes :
Antero-posterior direction : anterior and lateral sectors
- Anterior sector : normal overjet = 2 mm, exaggerated > 2 mm, reversed = negative
- Lateral sectors (including canines):
Mesio (clusion): too far forward
Disto (clusion): too far back. This description corresponds to Angle’s classification,
Vertical direction : overlap (over bite):
Supra (clusion): excess coverage in the incisal sector corresponds to increased overbite
Infra (clusion):
Incisal sector: insufficient coverage, corresponds to reduced overbite
Posterior sector: absence of occlusal contacts at the level of a group of cuspid teeth
Transverse direction : concerns the premolar sector:
Endo: inside the normal position
Exo: outside the normal position
Latero: for the mandible
3. Terminology of dental positional anomalies or dystopias Dystopias describe the displacement of the tooth from its normal location on the curve of the arch (the reference line)
The description is made in the following directions: Vestibulo-lingual, Mesio-distal, Vertical
3.1 The radicals :
3.1.1 Version can be vestibulolingual or mesio distal; it is either coronal or radicular or corono radicular
- When the fixed point is radicular, the version will be coronal;
We describe:
– Vestibulo-coronal version.
– Linguo (palato)
-coronary version.
– Coronal mesioversion.
– Coronary disto-version.
- When the fixed point is coronal, the version will be radicular:
-Vestibulo-radicular version
– Linguo (palato) – root version.
– Root mesioversion.
– Root distortion.
- If the point is located at the collar, mixed displacements result.
3.1.2 Grassion : the tooth has moved completely parallel to its long axis; this is a translational movement. We describe:
– Vestibulo-gression
– Linguo (Palato)-gression
– Disto-gression
– Mesio-gression
– Supra-gression (egression)
– Infra-gression (intrusion)
3.1.3 Rotation : there are two types of rotation
– Axial rotation: the tooth rotates around its major axis; the two points of contact are moved
Ex: mesio vestibulo axial rotation; it is also an axial rotation linguo distortion
- Marginal rotation: the tooth rotates around a point of contact that remains fixed. The wall and the direction in which the tooth has then moved are described
Ex: distal fixed point. It is a mesio vestibulo marginal rotation or a mesio linguo marginal rotation
Terminology in ODF
Conclusion
Mastery of orthodontic terminology and nomenclature facilitates the understanding and description of orthodontic anomalies to ensure good patient care.
Terminology in ODF
Wisdom teeth can cause infections if not removed.
Dental crowns restore the function and appearance of damaged teeth.
Swollen gums are often a sign of periodontal disease.
Orthodontic treatments can be performed at any age.
Composite fillings are discreet and durable.
Composite fillings are discreet and durable.
Interdental brushes effectively clean tight spaces.
Visiting the dentist every six months prevents dental problems.