Primary fingerprints
Introduction
According to the World Health Organization, by 2030, 30% of the world’s population will be totally edentulous in at least one maxilla. As the population’s life expectancy increases, practitioners will increasingly be faced with totally edentulous patients. Today, the production of a quality impression relies on the choice of the most appropriate materials and their rigorous implementation by a competent practitioner, who must know the indications and limitations of their use. Indeed, the know-how and clinical experience of the practitioner remain decisive in taking impressions for prosthetics.
- Definition
The preliminary impression in removable total prosthesis is the initial impression of all the remarkable anatomical and physiological elements of a maxillary or mandibular edentulous arch. Made with a standard impression tray (PES), filled with a precise material. It is intended for the production of an individual impression tray.
- The primary imprint
It must be:
- Static
- Be non-compressive
- Ensure accurate casting of bearing surfaces I and II areas
- Locate as accurately as possible the optimal situation of the mucosal reflection line
- Possibly assess the degree of bone resorption and the current position of peripheral tissues
- Analyze the ideal limits of the future prosthesis
- Contribute to the clinical study, diagnosis and prosthetic treatment plan of total edentulism
- Allow the construction in the laboratory of an individual impression tray approximately prefiguring the finished prosthesis and requiring the minimum of correction in the mouth
- Minimize chair time adjusting individual impression trays.
- Impression tray
A good primary impression begins with the proper choice of impression tray. The ideal impression tray for complete removable prosthesis must have an anatomical shape and be homothetic to the arch. The impression tray allows the compression of the impression material to be modulated, ensures its support, and determines the thickness of the material during the creation of the impression.
We use commercial impression trays depending on the material chosen. They are made of metal or polycarbonate, perforated (Schreinmaker or Acu-tray type) for alginate impressions and metallic, non-perforated (Cerpac type) for plaster impressions.
Primary fingerprints
- Primary mucostatic imprint
The primary impression is intended to record the support surfaces. All anatomical elements must be faithfully reproduced. The impression material used must allow the peripheral tissues to be removed in order to record the entire usable surface, thus guaranteeing maximum support, stabilization and retention of the future prosthesis.
- The primary imprint
It must be:
- Static
- Be non-compressive
- Ensure accurate casting of bearing surfaces I and II areas
- Locate as accurately as possible the optimal situation of the mucosal reflection line
- Possibly assess the degree of bone resorption and the current position of peripheral tissues
- Analyze the ideal limits of the future prosthesis
- Contribute to the clinical study, diagnosis and prosthetic treatment plan of total edentulism
- Allow the construction in the laboratory of an individual impression tray approximately prefiguring the finished prosthesis and requiring the minimum of correction in the mouth
- Minimize chair time adjusting individual impression trays.
- Primary Footprint Mapping
Whatever the material used, especially Alginate (because it is the most used currently), this impression systematically contains imperfections, however minimal they may be (on extensions at the edges, excessive compression of the osteomucosal tissues under the intrados). It is up to the practitioner, at the end of the primary impression, to check its accuracy, and to correct the
imperfections. He simply has to “go around the field” again, and map the primary impression, using a dermographic pencil, to provide the prosthetist with the true clinical limits of the impression.
Primary fingerprints
7. Mistakes to avoid when doing Primary Impression.
- Footprint too compressive
- Non-mucostatic imprint
- Under and over extensions of the edges
- Overpressures at the support surfaces
- Over or underestimated dimensions and poor centering of the impression tray
- Poor viscosity of the material when inserted into the mouth
- Excess material when loading the impression tray.
Individual impression trays (PEI)
Analysis of study models
Processing of prints
(See the Power Point, course suite, book)
The processing of the imprints goes through the following imprints:
- Disinfection
- Casting preliminary impressions
- The demolding
- Analysis of study models
- Model sizes
- Production of individual impression trays (PEI)
Conclusion
Impressions are a crucial step in the creation of a complete removable prosthesis . The choice of material and impression technique contributes greatly to their success. For decades, little progress has been made in the field of PAC impressions, we have only seen an improvement in the properties of the materials by their manufacturers. However, there is no material that is ideal in all clinical situations today. Mucostatic impression taking does not use a single impression technique or a miracle material, but requires reflection, mastery of impression techniques, rigor in their implementation and clarity in the objectives to be achieved.
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Primary fingerprints
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