Periodontal indices

Periodontal indices

→CAD-D index (KLEIN and PALMER 1937) :

∑ missing teeth, decayed teeth and filled teeth.

→Abrasion index (BROCA, 1965) :

0 = No abrasion.

1 = Enamel attrition only.

2 = Dentin islands surrounded by enamel.

3 = The entire dentin surface is exposed.

4 = the pulp is exposed.

→Fluorosis index (DEAN, 1933) :

0 = Normal tooth; no fluorosis

1 = Doubtful fluorosis

2 = Very slight fluorosis < 25% of the tooth surface

3 = Mild fluorosis <50%

4 = Moderate fluorosis >50%

5 = Severe fluorosis, altered tooth shape

→PI plaque index (SILNESS and LOE, 1964) :

0 = No plate.

1 = A thin film of plaque at the marginal level, invisible to the naked eye but detectable by a periodontal probe.

2 = Moderate accumulation of plaque visible to the naked eye at the margin but not invading the interdental spaces.

3 = Significant accumulation of plaque reaching the interdental spaces

→GI inflammation index (LOE and SILNESS et, 1963) : 0 = no inflammation

1= Mild inflammation:

Slight redness
Mild edema
No bleeding caused by probing 2 = Moderate inflammation:
Moderate redness and swelling
Bleeding induced by catheterization 3 = Severe inflammation:
Significant redness and swelling
Bleeding induced by catheterization and spontaneous bleeding
Ulceration

→ Sulcular bleeding index SBI (MUHLEMANN and SON 1971):

0 = Normal coloration, no bleeding at the probe.

1 = Normal color and shape, slight bleeding on probing.

2 = Redness without change in shape, bleeding on probing.

3 = Redness, slight edema, bleeding on probing.

4 = Marked redness and swelling, bleeding on probing.

5 = Significant redness and edema, bleeding at the probe and spontaneously, ulceration.

→ Papillary bleeding index PBI (SAXER and MUHLEMANN, 1975) :

0 = No bleeding

1 = Presence of a single bleeding point

2 = Presence of several bleeding points.

3 = The interdental triangle fills with blood after probing

4 = Significant bleeding at the catheter, blood flows immediately along the SGD.

→ LINDHE furcation damage index, 1975 :

Class 1 : Initial damage: horizontal destruction of the tooth’s supporting tissues not reaching 1/3 of the tooth width.

Class 2 : Partial involvement: exceeds 1/3 but does not reach the entire width of the tooth.

Class 3 : Destruction of all supporting tissues of the tooth. The probe passes right through the furcation.

→ GLICKMAN furcation damage index, 1958 :

Stage 1 : Desmodontal involvement in relation to the furcation area without bone lysis Stage 2 : Bone involvement on several surfaces, allowing partial passage of the probe Stage 3 : Bone involvement on all surfaces of the furcation, total passage of the probe

Stage 4 : The furcation area is visible to the naked eye, loss of bone support is significant

→MUHLEMANN mobility index, 1954 :

0 = Ankylosis.

1 = Physiological mobility.

2 = Transverse mobility visible to the naked eye. 3 = Transverse mobility greater than 1 mm. 4 = Axial mobility.

→ARPA mobility index :

1 = Perceptible mobility in the fingers.

2 = Transverse mobility visible to the naked eye less than 1 mm.

3 = Transverse mobility greater than 1mm.

4 = Axial mobility.

→MILLER’s classification of periodontal recessions, 1985 :

Class I : Recession does not reach the LMG, no interdental tissue loss.

Class II : Recession reaches or exceeds the LMG, no interdental tissue loss

Class III : The recession reaches or exceeds the LMG, there is interdental bone loss and the proximal gingival tissue is apical to the ECJ while remaining coronal to the base of the recession, or there is malposition.

Class IV : The recession reaches or exceeds the LMG, the proximal tissues are located at the base of the recession and it affects more than one face of the tooth.

→Classification of periodontal recessions by CAIRO et al (2011) :

RT 1 : Gingival recession without loss of proximal attachment;

RT 2 : Gingival recession associated with interproximal attachment loss less than or equal to vestibular recession;

RT 3 : Gingival recession associated with interproximal attachment loss greater than vestibular recession.