Odontogenic tumors and pseudotumors. DR: REGUIEG
Definition: tumor: pathological growth due to a proliferation of cells resulting in newly formed tissue or neoplasia.
Origin :
– Embryonic : linked to tumor transformations of an embryonic anomaly.
– Inflammatory origin : particularly during irritation acting for a long period.
– Idiopathic origin .
Odontogenic tumors : originating from the embryonic elements of the dental organ.
Non-odontogenic tumors : originating from the bone and medullary support elements.
Cysts.
Tumors can be benign or malignant.
Clinically: swelling, associated signs of fistula, dental anomalies, asymptomatic, etc.
Guiding elements:
Location of the lesion, size, nature, limits, adjacent structures …………….
- Epithelial tumors without mesenchymal induction:
Ameloblastoma:
tumor consisting of preforming cells of the tooth without mesenchymal component.
It is the most common odontogenic tumor. Slow growth.
X-ray: monogeodic, polygeodic osteolysis image.
Adeno-Ameloblastoma :
Predilection: canine, upper lateral incisor.
Radiography: limited radiolucent image with calcifications.
Epidermoid odontogenic tumor:
Typically: Involves a maxillary canine or a mandibular third molar.
X-ray: radiolucency bordered by a radiopaque border.
Calcified odontogenic epithelial tumor :
Pindborg tumor: slow growing swelling.
Radiography: well-limited unilocular radiolucency.
- Mesenchymal tumors:
Odontogenic fibroma : rare, asymptomatic, most lesions are unilocular with well-defined limits….
Odontogenic myxoma :
slowly progressive swelling; polygeodic image.
Cementoblastoma or true cementoma:
only tumor of cementitious origin, radio: one or more rounded radiopaque images, well-defined and fused.
Cemento-ossifying fibroma:
Slow-growing fibro-osseous tumor found at any age; asymptomatic or with bone expansion, its appearance is well limited, punctate radiolucency.
- Mixed epithelial-mesenchymal tumors:
Ameloblastic fibroma:
Rare, perdilection; molar and premolar region; radiography: monogeodic image often a dental induction .
Odontologist:
The most common tumors are those before the age of 20.
Tooth swelling.
Associated dental signs.
X-ray: irregular mass surrounded by a radiolucent area.
Complex odontome: With completely anarchic maturation.
Maxillary molar region.
Compound odontome: composed of a multitude of rudimentary teeth.
Ameloblastic fibroodontoma :
Resembles ameloblastic fibroma in its character.
Usually located in the mandibular region.
- Other mixed tumors:
Primordial odontogenic tumor: young age, well-limited radiolucency .
Ghost cell dentinogenic tumors:
Rare tumor with locally more aggressive behavior.
Radiography: well-defined single or multiloculated osteolytic cavity.
Dental cysts:
Developmental odontogenic cyst:
Form from dental structures creating a bony and sometimes peripheral cavity.
The dentigenous cyst : also called follicular or pericoronal cyst, results from late degeneration of the follicular sac of the crown of a tooth that has not yet erupted.
Radiography: well-limited radiolucency encompasses the dental crown.
Eruption cyst.
Odontogenic keratocyst or epidermoid cyst: swelling; deformation.
Radiography: radiolucency usually single and large.
Other odontogenic cysts with exceptional presentation in children :
Extraosseous variant: gingival cyst.
Orthokeratinizing odontogenic cyst.
Odontogenic glandular cyst.
Lateral periodontal cyst.
Calcifying odontogenic cyst.
Inflammatory odontogenic cysts:
Radicular cysts.
Collateral inflammatory cysts : Marginal cyst, mandibular bifurcation cyst.
Odontogenic tumors and pseudotumors
Early cavities in children need to be treated promptly.
Dental veneers cover imperfections such as stains or cracks.
Misaligned teeth can cause difficulty chewing.
Dental implants provide a stable solution to replace missing teeth.
Antiseptic mouthwashes reduce bacteria that cause bad breath.
Decayed baby teeth can affect the health of permanent teeth.
A soft-bristled toothbrush preserves enamel and gums.