Health organization in Algeria
I. Evolution of the health system in Algeria
1962: (Independence)
Consequences of the war
Massive departure of French doctors
9M inhabitants: 85% rural areas
Health situation:
→ Communicable diseases (diphtheria, tetanus, measles, poliomyelitis, whooping cough, typhus, typhoid, meningitis, malaria, etc.)
→ Catastrophic nutritional status of children and mothers
→ Need for basic health structure
1973-1986
→ Free healthcare
→ Country health programming
1 health center/ ≈7000 inhabitants
1 polyclinic/ ≈ 25000 inhabitants
1 hospital/wilaya or Daira
→ National health programs (Expanded Immunization Program, PMI, etc.)
→ Establishment of civil status
1987-2003
→ ECONOMIC CRISIS
→ Decline of national programs
→ Difficulty in managing the public sector
→ Promotion of the liberal sector
2004-2011
→ Significant improvement in health sector resources (increase in oil prices)
→ Reorganization of health structures (breakdown of the health system)
EPH: public hospital establishment
EPSP: local public health establishment.
Current demographic and health situation
- As of January 1, 2020, the total resident population in Algeria reached 43.9 million inhabitants .
The year 2019 was marked by a volume of live births exceeding the threshold of one million births for the sixth consecutive year, although slightly down compared to 2018, a significant increase in the volume of deaths , and the continued decline in the volume of registered marriages, which began in 2014. During this year, we witnessed a stagnation in the infant mortality rate observed since 2016. In addition, life expectancy at birth has seen a slight increase . [ Source: Office for National Statistics (ONS).]
Health organization in Algeria
- Current health challenges in Algeria
- Epidemiological transition
- A health transition requiring higher spending on non-communicable diseases
- Emerging and re-emerging disease
- Broad social coverage
- A wide and diversified demand and supply of care
- A dualistic and uncontrolled health system
II. The health system
The Ministry of Health, Population and Hospital Reform (MSPRH)
– Management of hospital care and public health activities
– Controls the conditions of operation of the private sector.
- Public hospital infrastructure
Consists of:
- Public hospital establishment (EPH)
- Specialized Hospital Establishments (EHS),
- University Hospital Centers (CHU)
- Etablissement hospitalier universitaire (EHU)
- Les infrastructures de consultations, de soins et de prévention
- les polycliniques,
- les salles de soins,
- SEMEP
- les unités de dépistage et de suivi de santé scolaire,
- les unités de médecine préventive en milieu universitaire,
- les centres médico-sociaux
- les centres de transfusion sanguine
Le système de sécurité sociale en Algérie
Basé sur un régime unique national dont fait partie, l’assurance-maladie
Instaurée en 1959, réformée en 1983.
Elle repose sur un système d’assurance à base professionnelle, financée par les cotisations salariés et employeurs.
Sont bénéficiaires de l’assurance-maladie :
- les travailleurs salariés,
- les travailleurs indépendants,
- les anciens travailleurs titulaires d’avantages de sécurité sociale,
- les groupes spécifiques (étudiants, personnes handicapées, démunies bénéficiant de l’aide sociale d’Etat, apprentis, etc.)
- ayant-droits.
La gestion du système de sécurité sociale
Assurée par deux organismes :
– la Caisse nationale des assurances sociales des travailleurs salariés
– la Caisse nationale de sécurité sociale des non salariés
III. Hiérarchie des services
ÉCHELON CENTRAL
– MSPRH
Structures d’appuis : L’Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP) L’Institut PASTEUR d’Algérie (IPA) La Pharmacie Centrale des Hôpitaux (PCH)
L’Agence Nationale du Sang (ANS) L’Ecole Nationale de Santé Publique (ENSP Le Laboratoire National de Contrôle des Produits Pharmaceutiques (LNCPP) L’Agence Nationale de Documentation de la Santé (ANDS)
ECHELON INTERMÉDIAIRE
| Sièges des Conseils régionaux de la Santé et ORS | Wilayas couvertes |
| Alger | Alger, Blida, Boumerdès, Tipaza, TiziOuzou, Béjaïa, Bouira, Médéa, Djelfa, Bordj-Bou-Arreridj, Aïn Defla. |
| Oran | Oran, Relizane, Chlef, Mascara, AïnTemouchent, Sidi Bel Abbes, Tlemcen, Saïda, Mostaghanem, Tissemsilt, Tiaret. |
| Constantine | Constantine, Guelma, Annaba, Skikda, El-Taref, Tébessa, Khenchela, Mila, Souk-Ahras, Oum El Bouaghi, Sétif, Jijel, Batna, M’sila. |
| Béchar | Béchar, Tindouf, Adrar, Naâma, El-BAyadh. |
| Ouargla | Ouargla, Ghardaïa, Illizi, Tamenraset, El-Oued, Biskra, Laghouat. |
ECHELON LOCAL
Dental crowns are used to restore the shape and function of a damaged tooth.
Bruxism, or teeth grinding, can cause premature wear and often requires wearing a retainer at night.
Dental abscesses are painful infections that require prompt treatment to avoid complications. Gum grafting is a surgical procedure that can treat gum recession. Dentists use composite materials for fillings because they match the natural color of the teeth.
A diet high in sugar increases the risk of developing tooth decay.
Pediatric dental care is essential to establish good hygiene habits from an early age.