CYSTS AND PSEUDO CYSTS
I-DEFINITION
Cyst: Cavities lined with epithelium
Pseudocyst: no epithelium
These are benign neoformations.
Radiologically:
Aspect characteristics
Clear limits
Slow growth
II-DIAGNOSTIC
after an anatomopathological examination.
This examination must be carried out regardless of the appearance of the tumor lesion. In addition to the positive diagnosis, it allows the differential diagnosis between the different lesions whose clinical and radiological aspects are often confusing.
The comparison with the cone beam scanner data will then make the diagnosis.
Bone resolution will allow confirmation of the pure or lytic character
on the contrary, cement densities possibly gone unnoticed on the panoramic;
bone resolution is in and much higher than that of dental panoramic
III-CLASSIFICATION
CYSTS AND PSEUDO CYSTS
IV-RADIOLOGICAL SEMIOLOGY
image with homogeneous background
radiolucent or even hyperlucent
“Cloudy” outline may reflect an inflammatory flare-up of the process in question.
The outline may also be thick, which may result from successive inflammatory flare-ups.
A radiolucent osteolytic lesion near an edentulous alveolar ridge should first point to a residual inflammatory odontogenic cyst.
geode is less radiolucent, but gray, homogeneous or not, it can still be a cystic lesion, closed between still thick cortices but also a compact lesion.
V-ETIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS
A-ODONTOGENEOUS CYST
1-DENTAL RADICULAR CYST
- From debris of the Hertwig root epithelial sheath
- Between 20 and 50 years old
- The most common of all maxillary bone cysts
- Apex of any endodotally treated tooth
- Between 1.5 to 3 cm, rounded, unilular
- Smooth, well-defined contours
- Homogeneous, expansive
2-RESIDUAL RADICULAR CYST
- Persistent dental radicular cyst after extraction of the causative tooth
- Beyond 20 years
- Apical region of the dentate portion of the maxillary bones
- 2-3 cm
- Same features
3-LATERAL PERIODENTAL CYST
- From cellular remains of the dental lamina or from residues of reduced enamel epithelium on the lateral root surface
- Over 30 years old
- Rare
- Lateral surface of the roots of pulped teeth in the canine-premolar region of the mandible or in the lateral incisor region of the maxilla
- Small less than 1 cm
- Rounded unilocular, smooth contours well defined, homogeneous
4-FOLLICULAR DENTIGEROUS CYST
- From the debris of the reduced enamel epithelium after tooth formation
- Young adult between 20 and 40 years old
- Associates with the crown of an included tooth and moves
- May exceed 3 cm
- Rounded or oval, Unilocular
- Central, lateral or peripheral, smooth and well-defended contours, homogeneous
5-ODONTOGENIC KERATOCYST TUMOR
- Between 2nd and 3rd decade
- Rare
- Posterior body – Angle of the mandible
- Variable size, Oval extends along the body of the mandible
- Slight medio-lateral expansion
- Pseudo locular or multilocular
- Smooth and scalloped contours, Delimited by a border, Homogeneous
B-NONODONTOGENEOUS CYST
- Epitelial residues of the nasopalatine tactus, the oral-nasal membrane and the sutures of the face
1-LATERAL:NASOPALATIN CANAL CYST
- 40 to 60 years old
- The most frequent
- Anterior and medial part of the maxilla, just behind the central incivi
- Mm several cm, Heart or pear shaped
- Homogeneous unilocular or sometimes radio-optical shadow
- Very limited
2-LATERAL:NASOLABIAL CYST
- Cleft naso labial
- Subperiosteal position
- Filling with PC
3-MEDIAN CYST
- Palatine papilla cyst
- Between the roots of the upper central incisors, median
C-PSEUDO-CYST
- Cavity not lined by epithelium
- Depending on their origin and content
1-Post-traumatic SOLITARY BONE CYST
2-ANEURYSMAL CYST
- Rapid growth
- Body of the mandible
- Boy
- 11 to 15 years old
3-STAFNE GAP
- Impression of the lingual cortex at the level of the submandibular fossa
VII-CONCLUSION
- Radiolucent lesions of the jaws are common and most often odontogenic and benign in nature.
- But their frequency also covers a very large diversity of lesions, of variable aggressiveness and prognosis .
CYSTS AND PSEUDO CYSTS
Early cavities in children need to be treated promptly.
Dental veneers cover imperfections such as stains or cracks.
Misaligned teeth can cause difficulty chewing.
Dental implants provide a stable solution to replace missing teeth.
Antiseptic mouthwashes reduce bacteria that cause bad breath.
Decayed baby teeth can affect the health of permanent teeth.
A soft-bristled toothbrush preserves enamel and gums.