CLASSIFICATION OF PUPATHIES
Introduction:
The pulp, like all connective tissue, responds to physical, chemical or bacterial attacks with a pathology whose characteristics depend on the high specificity of this highly differentiated connective tissue and its particular environment.
Pulp alterations are very polymorphic (inflammatory or degenerative phenomena) and have varied anatomo-pathological aspects depending on the type, intensity of the aggression, but also the specific resistance of the pulpo-dentin organ concerned.
Several classifications have been put forward to describe the different pulp disorders in order to make the diagnosis easier; we try to elucidate them in this chapter.
1. CLASSIFICATION OF ARKOVY:
The first in date is due to Hangrois ARKOVY (1885), it tried to establish a correspondence between two categories, some anatomical, others symptomatic.
The idea was to determine tissue alterations from the pain felt by the patient.
REDIER’S CLASSIFICATION (1900):
P1: Exposed pulp having preserved its anatomical and physiological integrity.
P2: Degenerated, infected, inflamed pulp.
P3: Gangrenous pulp.
3. PALAZZI CLASSIFICATION (1926):
1). Prepulpitis states.
a. Alteration of the odontoblastic layer as a result of pathological excitations.
b. Pulp exposed, but not inflamed.
c. Pulp hyperemia.
2). Pulpitis.
a. ACUTE:
-Superficial.
-Simple: partial or total.
-Purulent.
b. CHRONICLES:
Gangrenous, ulcerative, hyperplastic or internal hyperplastic granulomatous.
3). Pulposes.
Atrophy, degeneration, hemorrhage, necrosis
4. HESS CLASSIFICATION (1968):
1). Healthy pulp condition:
*Healthy young pulp
*healthy old pulp
2). Pathological pulp condition:
A*living pulp :
*primary acute pulpitis
*chronic pulpitis: ⇒ closed : *simple partial
Or
*total secondary acute pulpitis
⇒ open: *ulcerative
*total hypertrophic
*internal granuloma
*metaplasia
B*total pulp necrosis
5. BENDER AND SEILTZER CLASSIFICATION:
This classification offers two categories of treatments for teeth that have a pathological pulp condition.
- Category A: for teeth where we will attempt to preserve all or part of the pulp.
- Category B: for teeth in which all the pulp will be removed, or for teeth in which the canals will be disinfected before filling.
CLASSIFICATION OF PUPATHIES
6. BAUME CLASSIFICATION (1972) MODIFIED BY MARMASSE:
BAUME considered four categories reproduced in the table above
MARMASSE added some modifications.
CLASSIFICATION OF PUPATHIES
Wisdom teeth can be painful if they are misplaced.
Composite fillings are aesthetic and durable.
Bleeding gums can be a sign of gingivitis.
Orthodontic treatments correct misaligned teeth.
Dental implants provide a permanent solution for missing teeth.
Scaling removes tartar and prevents gum disease.
Good dental hygiene starts with brushing twice a day.