BLOOD TRANSFUSION
I-DEFINITION:
Blood transfusion (transfusion therapy) consists of administering the blood of one or more healthy subjects (donors) or one of its cellular or plasma components to one or more sick subjects (recipients)
II-PRINCIPLES OF COLLECTION AND CONSERVATION
1-DONOR QUALIFICATION:
The donation is voluntary, anonymous and voluntary.
-age 18-60 years.
-good general condition without communicable diseases.
-Number of donations:
Men:5/year
Women:3/year
-donation interval: at least 2 months
2-collection and conservation:
-the quantity taken is 7ml/kg=400ml in a sterile bag with labeling
-under conditions of rigorous aseptic technique
-storage at +4°C for 21 or 35 days depending on the anticoagulant used.
Your transfusion must be performed within 2 hours of the blood being released and it will never be restocked.
III-BLOOD PRODUCTS
1-Labile blood products (LBP ): comprising themselves:
1- Red Blood Cell Concentrates (RBCs) which can undergo transformations:
-CG irradiated
-Deplasmatized CG
-CG cryopreserved
-Leukocyte-depleted CG
2- Platelet Concentrates, which are:
– or Platelet Concentrate Mixtures (PCM), prepared from the layer
leukoplatelet count from 4 to 6 whole blood donations;
either Apheresis Platelet Concentrates (APC), single donors;
3-leukocyte concentrates
4- Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP).
2-Blood Derived Medicines:
formerly called stable products, and comprising:
– Albumin
– Immunoglobulins
– Clotting factors.
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
IV-INDICATIONS
*THE CG:
– Severe poorly tolerated congenital or acute anemia, malignant haemopathies
*PLATELET CONCENTRATES:
Congenital non-immunological central thrombocytopenia
*WHITE CELL CONCENTRATE
Leukopenia, agranulocytosis
V-PRECAUSIONS FOR BLOOD TRANSFUSION
1-check the grouping of the patient and the donor
2-use phenotyped blood.
3-check the expiration date, color and warming of the blood.
4-Heated blood should never be put back in the refrigerator.
5-transfusion monitoring:BP, pulse, T°
Transfusion rate
6-do NFS 24 hours after the TSF to check the benefit
VI-ACCIDENTS OF TRANSFUSION
1-IMMEDIATE ACCIDENTS:
A-hemolytic accidents:
Related to ABO incompatibility, potentially fatal
CAT:
-stop the TSF immediately
-keep the lane first
-O2
-TSF blood iso group isorhesus
-monitoring of diuresis
– do not throw away the blood bag
B-endotoxin shock:
Related to donor bacteremia or poor asepsis .
manifests itself by:
Shock, fever, chills, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
CAT:
Stop the TSF
Vascular filling
Broad spectrum ATB
Send the bag for bacteriological examination
2-LATE ACCIDENTS:
A-Infectious diseases:
Hepatitis B,C
HIV
Syphilis
B-others:
*hemolytic accidents: TSF inefficiency
*post TSF purpura, hemochromatosis
C-OTHER:
Hyperthermia shivering syndrome
Allergic skin reaction
Circulatory overload
Metabolic overload.
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
VII-CONCLUSION
Blood transfusion is a therapeutic weapon whose management requires vigilance and compliance with the rules of the prescription to avoid incidents and accidents as much as possible.
References:
-JH.Muller blood transfusion: labile blood products EMC 13-054-A-10
-D.Legrang,J.Chiaroni.transfusion of labile blood products.clinical and biological hematology.
-P.Poulin,D.Legrand.blood-derived drugs, clinical and biological hematology.
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
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